Benign pleural effusion is a frequent condition, but is only rarely from asbestos. Inhalation of asbestos fibres is known to cause two main kinds of cancer—mesothelioma and lung cancer. Asbestos-related lung cancer is likely to have accounted for 2–3% of all lung cancer deaths among males in Great Britain over the last two decades.
Mesothelioma is a disease that is almost 100% preventable; the only known cause is via exposure to the deadly mineral Asbestos. Asbestos exposure is a direct cause for lung cancer. Malignant mesothelioma, or sometimes called mesothelioma asbestos, is a type of deadly lung cancer caused by exposure to asbestos. Exposure to asbestos can lead to a number of deadly conditions, most notably a form of cancer called mesothelioma, or "mesothelioma asbestos." This asbestos exposure led many labourers and townspeople to develop "asbestos lung cancer" (a layman's term for mesothelioma).